Nefedov food warmer trays IV, Doudkin AV, Bogotopov YA, Kobelev DI with the support and the comment

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Nefedov food warmer trays IV, Doudkin AV, Bogotopov YA, Kobelev DI with the support and the comments of Department of Chemistry NCSTU in Stavropol food warmer trays and Nevinnomyssk. Thermal conductivity is performed by one of three ways: heat transfer, convection or radiation. It is written in the textbooks. In fact, the thermal conductivity is always carried out with the help of radiation: heat transfer and radiation - the same thing, but at different distances, and convection begins with radiation, and then the heated portion of a gas or liquid, which behaves as a separate body rises. The proof is a simple experiment: put your hand gently to the cold iron pipe, provided that its temperature is equal to the ambient air (long lies / stands on the street) - you will feel more intense heat loss even without touching the heat sink. If you put your hand very smoothly, then you will realize that the amount of heat that you give heat sink depends only on the distance food warmer trays to the last and has a qualitative leap in the "point of contact". This point does not exist - because if you squeeze more heat sink, the heat will be further enhanced. Is it true concerning the modern theory of light emission photons? After all, according to this theory food warmer trays the radiation intensity depends only on the temperature and type of the emitting food warmer trays body, and the distance to the heat sink at all should not matter. True distance is important in terms of heat transfer, however, the thermal conductivity should decrease / increase linearly in this case, which was not observed in the experiment with the hand. With appropriate equipment (two thermos with different insulation thickness, for example), you can prove it more accurate experiment. Let's turn our attention to the thermal conductivity of graphite. Graphite is interesting because it is different and the heat conductivity depending on the direction (and | | hexagonal rings of the crystal lattice). food warmer trays Graphite p = 1,58 g / cm3: T - pa, C Thermal conductivity, l * March 10, cal / (cm * s * c)
Data [1]. Unfortunately, data on the thermal food warmer trays conductivity at the same temperature we have, so we use interpolation. Considering the general quadratic dependence food warmer trays of conductivity on temperature (see data for various substances [1]), as well as the fact that the thermal conductivity at 0 K is zero (because there is nothing to hold), we conclude that the graph - branch of the parabola food warmer trays of the form y = ax 2 + bx (at least in a particular area - rescheduling thermal conductivity observed in the same place for different substances (complex relationship) there is, in our opinion, from the - for the transition to a new type of structure, which for graphite in the temperature range we think is not observed). Two available points for the direction | |-tion plane hexagonal rings find the equation of the parabola:
415 a * 2 + b * 415 = 42.6 a * 828 2 + b * 828 = 279 => => function of the parabola is y = x2 0.000567 - 0.13279 x, hence thermal conductivity at 50 C, which equals 323 K is : y is approximately equal to 16.26 * 103 cal / (cm * s * g) (see Fig. 1). Figure 1. Dependence of the thermal conductivity of graphite temperature for directing | | - On the plane hexagonal rings (interpolation). Thus, the thermal conductivity of the graphite, based on experimental - calculated data at 50 C and decreases depending on the direction of heat transfer (and | | plane hexagonal rings, respectively) 105.5 / 16.26 approximately equal to 6.49 times. What causes this phenomenon? Modern science says something like: "pi - communication between the planes are more mobile and better spend on this email. current and heat. " Since all that we know about pi - bonds today significantly - this data X - ray structural analysis (the distance between atoms) and the fact that graphite is easier wears across (no one saw neither the p - communication, nor how they spend heat), so a different number of atoms per unit area from different food warmer trays sides of graphite can play a decisive role. Diagram of the structure and interatomic distances for the graphite lattice are shown in Fig. 2. The data [2]. Figure 2. Diagram of the structure and interatomic distances of the crystal lattice of graphite, as well as the direction of the thermal conductivity used for the calculation. Calculate the number of atoms per square centimeter of the surface of graphite for conductivity respective directions (see Fig. 2), with the proviso that only participates teploprieme atoms "first front line" - ie, the atoms belonging to the nearest plane to the radiation source than Moreover, this plane is perpendicular to the direction of radiation. For directions perpendicular to the plane of the heat hexagonal rings: food warmer trays area = 0.052 nm 2 => 1 * 10 14 / 0.052 = 1923076923076923.077 (amount