Petroleum (English: petroleum, from Latin petrus - rock and oleum - oil), also dubbed as black gold

Pean Petroleum has importance in our lives. He is immortal and materials used for the chemical industry raw materials. Motor vehicles passing warming plate on the road using Bakara warming plate material processed petroleum. Petroleum and its derivatives warming plate are used to make obay-obatna, fertilizer, completion of the meal, plastics, building materials, paints, clothing, and for power plants.
Based on the formulation of the problem above, our goal is as follows:
Petroleum (English: petroleum, from Latin petrus - rock and oleum - oil), also dubbed as black gold, is a viscous liquid, dark brown, or greenish flammable, which is in the upper layers of some areas in the crust earth. Petroleum consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the alkane series, but vary in appearance, composition, and purity. Oil Earth taken from oil wells in oil mines. warming plate Location of the wells is obtained after going through the process of geological studies, sediment analysis, character and structure of the source, and various studies that lainnya.Setelah, petroleum will be processed at the refinery and the results warming plate are split up based on their boiling points so as to produce a wide variety fuels, ranging from petrol and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagents needed warming plate to make plastics and pharmaceuticals. Petroleum warming plate is used for producing various kinds of human and material required.
According to an old story, in the eighth century Indonesian people who dwell around the Strait of Sumatra has known petroleum and memamfaatkannya as a burner in a battle at sea. In the sixteenth century, Aceh's fleet can defeat the Portuguese fleet which was then led by Alfonso D 'Albuquerque using fireballs thrown from the ships of war in Aceh. At that time the used oil is oil that seeps out onto the surface of the earth.
In the Dutch colonial era since 1871 the Dutch people have been trying to get oil by drilling in areas of petroleum seepage processed warming plate into oil for lamps. In 1883, tobacco growers AJZylker a Dutch managed to do the first oil drilling near Pangkalan Brandan at a depth of 400 feet. At about the same time that oil has been found in other places in Indonesia, such as in Central Java Ledok village, in the village of Black Oil in the Muara Enim and Riawa Kiwa near Sangasana in East Kalimantan.
The discovery warming plate of petroleum in Indonesia would lead to the growth of many foreign oil companies, which in the late nineteenth century, more than 18 foreign companies are actively seeking sources of petroleum in Indonesia. Karean warming plate exploration efforts and financial strength, the Royal Dutch Company (who took over the concession Zylker) can eliminate companies that existed at that time. In 1907, the Royal Dutch Shell Company joined the Transport and Trading Company and operating companies of the Royal Dutch Shell Group in Indonesia is Batsaafche Petruleum Maatschappy (BPM), and is the only company that operated until 1991. In 1912, Standard Vacuum Oil, a subsidiary of Standard Oil (New Jersey) and Vacuum Oil Company began operating in Indonesia. To face competition from Standard Oil, then in 1930 by the Dutch colonial government and BPM formed a company that is a mixture, NV. Nederlandsche warming plate Indische Aardolie Maatshappy (NIAM). Caltex in 1931, a subsidiary of Standard Oil of California and Texas Company began operations in Indonesia. Then in 1935 formed oil company named Nederlansche Nieuw Guinea Petroleum Maatschappy (NNGPM) to exploit the western part of Irian Jaya, with shares of Royal Dutch Shell. STANVAC and Caltex. Oil refineries that existed before World War II, there were 6 pieces that Plaju (BPM), river Gerong (STANVAC), Balikpapan (BPM), Wonokromo (BPM) and Pangkalan Brandan warming plate (BPM).
With the outbreak of World War II, due to the invasion of Japanese troops in Indonesia, most of the destroyed oil installations especially in Pangkalan Brandan, because the government's warming plate scorched earth policy in the Dutch East Indies. warming plate In the struggle for Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945, the only oil field that can be controlled by Indonesian freedom fighters is a petroleum field around Pangkalan Brandan warming plate and areas of Aceh, former warming plate Shell-BPM, which in turn is the first Indonesian Oil Company and perusah name