ALLEGRO - gas cooled fast reactor
Industrial networks supporting real time based on Ethernet importance of involving customers in the innovation process in relation to marketing innovation and marketing innovation retro shapes of display screen LCDs PI controller design method with Desired phase margin and settling time Trigonometric analysis coaxial stereoscopic camera system
In this work we deal with gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) of IV. generation, namely the planned demonstration prototype GFR - Allegro. We are dedicated to particular tea light warmer problem of advanced structural materials to be used in the construction of reactors and GFR will have to withstand high radiation and thermal stresses in an environment with gaseous coolant. We focused on commercial tea light warmer ODS steels, specific types ODM751 and MA957, which were examined using positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). We watched the density of lattice defects in clean undamaged samples ODS steels, ie the occurrence of a priori defects tea light warmer incurred during production.
The fourth generation of fast reactors will recycle inventory of spent nuclear fuel, the transmutation of minor actinides and better use of the energy potential of uranium hidden. So in theory, increase security of electricity, with currently known uranium deposits, up to about 1,000 years. This work is devoted to the gas-cooled fast reactor IV. generation and the impact of fast neutrons in their constituent tea light warmer materials. tea light warmer Construction materials will have to sustain much higher tea light warmer radiation damage, higher temperatures and pressures than current reactors. Research on these materials is a priority for the construction of GFR.
Study ODS materials, as future prospective structural materials GFR is part of this scientific work. Research and samplers candidate steels for constructing GFR was undertaken at the Department of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Slovak Technical University in Bratislava tea light warmer Positron annihilation spectroscopy. We examined samples vysokochrómových ODM751 ODS steels (16% Cr) and MA957 (14% Cr).
Fast nuclear reactors are used to maintain the fission reaction fast neutrons, and therefore do not need to be moderated. Using fast neutron cross section decreases uranium nuclei, which results in the need to increase the content of fissile material or neutron flux that can be sustained nuclear reaction. Enrichment fuel for fast reactor (FNR) can reach more than 20% U-235 or Pu 239 [1]. The presence of fast neutrons tea light warmer means more energy and thermal stress compared to reactor thermal reactor, which means high demands tea light warmer on the coolant and structural material used in FNR.
FNR advantage compared to thermal reactors is their ability tea light warmer to reduce nuclear waste and drastically reduce its a half-life. Fast neutrons can transmute minor actinides typical fission products, which are entirely a half-life 27 years [2]. FNR disadvantages are mainly technical reasons. Chief among them is the mere use of fast neutrons (E n> 100 keV), causing considerable stress in the core material. The problem is also cooling, in which it is possible tea light warmer to use customary coolant, the coolant but with higher energy core cooling (AZ, temperature ~ 850 C).
Fast IV nuclear reactors. generation are culmination need for more efficient economic operation of nuclear power plants in terms of utilization, the largest share of energy hidden in the nuclear fuel. Rising prices of uranium and electricity demand tea light warmer in the world, the ongoing issues, how to deal with spent nuclear fuel, is reflected in IV. generations of nuclear reactors. They are the essential features of safety, economic efficiency, effectiveness, reliability, sustainability and good feasibility.
Gas cooled fast nuclear tea light warmer reactor (GFR) is just one of the concepts 4th generation reactors. Others are: sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) and lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR). Each one uses a different type of cooling the coolant, which has its specific advantages and disadvantages. Problems consist of radiation materials fast neutron but have essentially identical.
It is essential to use fast neutrons to sustain the fission reaction, closed fuel cycle and cooling gas. Cooling will be carried out with helium or supercritical carbon dioxide [3]. Interest in the cooling gas is mainly the possibility of using high temperatures (about 850 C), which can advantageously be used to efficiently tea light warmer produce electricity (efficiency up to 48% when the direct Brayton turbine) and other industrial applications because of its high heat transfer capacity (thermochemical production of hydrogen ) [4]. Transparency of the system (simpler scheme), lower activity materials and low accident risk of interference to the environment are some of its advantages.
The gaseous refrigerant has its specific advantages and disadvantages in comparison with cooled with liquid metals, which are not yet considered
Industrial networks supporting real time based on Ethernet importance of involving customers in the innovation process in relation to marketing innovation and marketing innovation retro shapes of display screen LCDs PI controller design method with Desired phase margin and settling time Trigonometric analysis coaxial stereoscopic camera system
In this work we deal with gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) of IV. generation, namely the planned demonstration prototype GFR - Allegro. We are dedicated to particular tea light warmer problem of advanced structural materials to be used in the construction of reactors and GFR will have to withstand high radiation and thermal stresses in an environment with gaseous coolant. We focused on commercial tea light warmer ODS steels, specific types ODM751 and MA957, which were examined using positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). We watched the density of lattice defects in clean undamaged samples ODS steels, ie the occurrence of a priori defects tea light warmer incurred during production.
The fourth generation of fast reactors will recycle inventory of spent nuclear fuel, the transmutation of minor actinides and better use of the energy potential of uranium hidden. So in theory, increase security of electricity, with currently known uranium deposits, up to about 1,000 years. This work is devoted to the gas-cooled fast reactor IV. generation and the impact of fast neutrons in their constituent tea light warmer materials. tea light warmer Construction materials will have to sustain much higher tea light warmer radiation damage, higher temperatures and pressures than current reactors. Research on these materials is a priority for the construction of GFR.
Study ODS materials, as future prospective structural materials GFR is part of this scientific work. Research and samplers candidate steels for constructing GFR was undertaken at the Department of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Slovak Technical University in Bratislava tea light warmer Positron annihilation spectroscopy. We examined samples vysokochrómových ODM751 ODS steels (16% Cr) and MA957 (14% Cr).
Fast nuclear reactors are used to maintain the fission reaction fast neutrons, and therefore do not need to be moderated. Using fast neutron cross section decreases uranium nuclei, which results in the need to increase the content of fissile material or neutron flux that can be sustained nuclear reaction. Enrichment fuel for fast reactor (FNR) can reach more than 20% U-235 or Pu 239 [1]. The presence of fast neutrons tea light warmer means more energy and thermal stress compared to reactor thermal reactor, which means high demands tea light warmer on the coolant and structural material used in FNR.
FNR advantage compared to thermal reactors is their ability tea light warmer to reduce nuclear waste and drastically reduce its a half-life. Fast neutrons can transmute minor actinides typical fission products, which are entirely a half-life 27 years [2]. FNR disadvantages are mainly technical reasons. Chief among them is the mere use of fast neutrons (E n> 100 keV), causing considerable stress in the core material. The problem is also cooling, in which it is possible tea light warmer to use customary coolant, the coolant but with higher energy core cooling (AZ, temperature ~ 850 C).
Fast IV nuclear reactors. generation are culmination need for more efficient economic operation of nuclear power plants in terms of utilization, the largest share of energy hidden in the nuclear fuel. Rising prices of uranium and electricity demand tea light warmer in the world, the ongoing issues, how to deal with spent nuclear fuel, is reflected in IV. generations of nuclear reactors. They are the essential features of safety, economic efficiency, effectiveness, reliability, sustainability and good feasibility.
Gas cooled fast nuclear tea light warmer reactor (GFR) is just one of the concepts 4th generation reactors. Others are: sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) and lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR). Each one uses a different type of cooling the coolant, which has its specific advantages and disadvantages. Problems consist of radiation materials fast neutron but have essentially identical.
It is essential to use fast neutrons to sustain the fission reaction, closed fuel cycle and cooling gas. Cooling will be carried out with helium or supercritical carbon dioxide [3]. Interest in the cooling gas is mainly the possibility of using high temperatures (about 850 C), which can advantageously be used to efficiently tea light warmer produce electricity (efficiency up to 48% when the direct Brayton turbine) and other industrial applications because of its high heat transfer capacity (thermochemical production of hydrogen ) [4]. Transparency of the system (simpler scheme), lower activity materials and low accident risk of interference to the environment are some of its advantages.
The gaseous refrigerant has its specific advantages and disadvantages in comparison with cooled with liquid metals, which are not yet considered
No comments:
Post a Comment